A preliminary study on the relationship between neural development and gut microbiota in preterm infants / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between the neural development of preterm infants and gut microbiota.Methods:66 premature infants who were hospitalized in the Neonatology Department of Hunan Children′s Hospital from September 2018 to September 2019 were included in the study. Their fecal samples and clinical data from the first admission were collected. According to the neurodevelopment, the patients were divided into normal neurodevelopment group and neurodysplasia group. The bacterial DNA of fecal samples was extracted by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the composition and diversity of gut microbiota between the two groups.Results:(1) The Shannon index of gut microbiota in normal neurodevelopmental group and neurodysplastic group was 0.89(0.41, 1.51) and 1.01(0.47, 1.31), respectively. There was no significant difference in diversity index between the two groups ( P>0.05). (2) Bifidobacterium, veronica and negativites in the gut microbiota of the normal neurodevelopmental group were significantly higher (all P<0.05), and streptococcus in the gut microbiota of the dysplastic group were significantly higher ( P<0.05). The gut microbiota of the two groups were mainly enterococcus and escherichia shigella. Conclusions:At the genus level, enterococcus and escherichia are the dominant flora of early gut microbiota in preterm infants. Gut microbiota is related to the neural development of preterm infants. The increased abundance of streptococcus, and the decreased abundance of bifidobacterium, veronicus, and negativites may be risk factors for neurodysplasia of preterm infants. The diversity of gut microbiota in early preterm infants may not be significantly related to neural development.

Research status of intestinal flora and pathogenesis of epilepsy / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Epilepsy is a chronic brain dysfunction caused by the excessive synchronous firing of neurons.It is one of the common nervous system diseases in children.Repeated epileptic seizures often lead to physiological and inte-llectual damage in children, seriously affecting children′s growth, development and health.Previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in intestinal flora between epileptic and normal children.Intestinal flora participate in the development of epilepsy through multiple pathways, including the immune system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurotransmitters and vagus nerve.

Primary research between intestinal flora and late-onset sepsis in premature infants / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To compare the characteristics and differences of intestinal flora in premature infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) and pneumonia by high-throughput sequencing technology, and to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora and LOS.Methods:Through the case-control method, premature infants with late-onset sepsis who were hospitalized in the neonatal department of Hunan Children′s Hospital from August 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the case group ( n=8). At the same time, premature infants diagnosed with pneumonia were selected as the control group ( n=8). The fecal samples of 16 premature infants were collected for the first time, and the DNA was extracted. The DNA of the target region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). High-throughput sequencing was performed using NovaSeq 6000 platform to analyze the composition and diversity of intestinal flora between the two groups. Results:(1) Alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the richness and diversity of intestinal flora between the two groups(all P>0.05). (2) The intestinal flora in premature infants of LOS group and control group were dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and facultative anaerobes such as Enterococcus and Escherichia-Shigella were the dominant flora at the genus level. Metastas statistical analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in flora composition between the two groups at the phylum level ( P>0.05). (3) Metastas statistical analysis was carried out at the level of class, order, family, genus, and species. The relative abundance of actinomycetes, digestive streptococcaceae and Clostridium in LOS group was higher than that in pneumonia group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4) The relative abundance of Staphylococcus in the LOS group was significantly greater than that in the control group, but Metastas statistical analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the relative abundance of staphylococcus between the two groups ( P>0.05). (5) Among the 8 cases of LOS, 3 premature infants had positive blood cultures, namely Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mitis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis belongs to the genus Enterococcus, and Enterococcus belongs to the dominant genus in the LOS group. Conclusions:Different site infections have effects on intestinal microecology of premature infants. There were differences in intestinal flora composition between premature infants with LOS and premature infants with pneumonia.

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders of kidney in children: two cases report and literature review / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To report two cases of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after kidney transplantation in children and review the literature, and to improve clinicians' understanding of PTLD in children.Methods:The clinical data of two children with PTLD admitted to the Children's Hospital of Fudan University were collected and analyzed. The PTLD-related literature of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, Weipu Database and China Biomedical Literature Service System from the establishment of the database to January 2020 were collected for literature review. Multivariate logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognostic in children with PTLD.Results:Both of the patients had negative Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) before transplantation and anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin (ATG) were induced during transplantation. PTLD in case 1 and case 2 was diagnosed at 3 and 12 months after transplantation, respectively, with positive EBV and CMV serological reaction. The pathological diagnosis was monomorphic PTLD in case 1 and the case 2 was clinically considered as non-hodgkin lymphoma. They all received thrapies of immunosuppressive reduction combined with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. PTLD was relieved and graft function was normal in 2 cases, while case 1 died two and half years after transplantation due to intracranial fungal infection. According to the analysis of 56 children (including 2 cases in this study) with PTLD from the literature review, the median time of PTLD from transplantation was 41.8 months. The initial involved organs were digestive tract [17 cases (30.4%)], respiratory system [8 cases (14.3%)], nervous system [7 cases (12.5%)] and pharyngeal lymph ring [7 cases (12.5%)], respectively. The main pathologic type of PTLD was monomorphic [34 cases (60.8%)]. Fifty-six cases were all positive in EBV serological reaction when PTLD was diagnosed. The treatment included immunosuppressive reduction combined with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and chemotherapy. Forty-eight cases of PTLD were relieved, while 8 cases lost graft function. Eleven cases died, including 3 cases due to infection and the other 8 cases due to PTLD. Multivariate logistic regression showed that monomorphic PTLD was a risk factor of death for PTLD children ( OR=21.616, 95% CI 1.007-464.107, P=0.049). Conclusions:PTLD in children with kidney transplantation is mostly associated with EBV infection, and the clinical manifestations are diverse. Monomorphic PTLD has a poor prognosis and high mortality.

Progress on role of intestinal flora in the treatment of epilepsy / 中国小儿急救医学

Epilepsy is one of the common diseases of nervous system.Most children′s epilepsy can be controlled by drug treatment, but 20%—30% of children with epilepsy still have poor control effect after treatment, and eventually develop into intractable epilepsy, which seriously affects their healthy growth.In recent years, it has been found that the intestinal flora has two-way connection with the brain through the brain-intestine axis, including vagus nerve, neuroendocrine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, intestinal immune system, neurotransmitters and neuroregulatory factors, which have a significant impact on the physiological, behavioral and cognitive functions of the brain, thus playing a role in the occurrence and development of epilepsy.Intestinal flora is closely related to epilepsy and may be a target for epilepsy treatment.Therefore, this review summarized the potential role of intestinal flora in epilepsy treatment.

Research progress in epigenetics of the development of urinary system / 国际儿科学杂志

With the reciprocal inductive interactions between metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud,embryonic kidney cells gradually grow,proliferate,and differentiate,contribute to the formation of nephron and urinary collecting duct systems,and eventually develop into a mature urinary system. In this process,epigenetic modifier genes regulate the development of the urinary system;aberrant epigenetic modifications,however, will lead to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Epigenetic factors,including histone modification, DNA methylation,and non-coding RNA,affect the development of the urinary system through the regulation of Wnt,GDNF / Ret,and p53 signaling pathways. This article combines with the latest research progress,reviews the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of the urinary system and during the formation of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract;besides,the specific regulation mechanisms are explained.

GC-MS Analysis on Essential Oil and Liposoluble Constituents of Lepidium Meyenii Walp / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

In order to provide scientific basis for quality evaluation of Lepidium meyenii Walp.in Sichuan province,the extracted constituents of essential oil and petroleum ether were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),respectively.The volatile oil and fat soluble components were extracted by the steam distillation and petroleum ether ultrasonic.They were isolated and identified by GC-MS.The structures were identified in combination with database search system of MS.The relative content of every compound was determined by normalization method.The results showed that a total of 22 compounds were identified in volatile oil (98.85％) and 40 compounds were identified in liposoluble constituents (73.99％).There were significant differences of components and relative percentage contents of volatile oil and fat-soluble components.Dodecane,quinoline,3-methoxybenzaldehyde,palmitic acid methyl ester and ethyl linoleate were the same compositions.Comparative analysis was conducted on volatile oil and liposoluble constituents by GC-MS for the first time.The results provided references for herbal resource investigation and quality standard evaluation of Maca.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Bio-Safety Theory Training before Laboratory Medicine Internship / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-safety theory intensive training before laboratory medicine intern-ship.Methods Collected 220 students of three universities in human before laboratory medicine internship,according to dif-ferent university,and the different grade of the same university,and the same class grouping pre-and post-the bio-safety in-tensive training,the obj ects of study in accordance with the training scheme to do on-site questionnaire survey by secret way in three universities,comparing the effectiveness pre-and post-training.Results Three universities had no difference before training of laboratory medicine students (χ2=0.081~3.135,P>0.05).However,in the same university,pre-training,the basic concepts and microbiological hazards assessment could be better grasped (respectively,P=0.000,0.000).Post-train-ing,the basic concepts and bio-safety operation specification could be promoted (respectively,P=0.000,0.002).In the same class between pre-and post-training,test results had no difference (χ2=0.096~2.408,P>0.05)except personal protec-tive equipmentin 2008 grade students,while in 2009 grade test performance was improved (χ2=4.821~12.27,P<0.05) except the basic concepts.Conclusion Bio-safety intensive training has good effects to operation skills,according to the spe-cific situation of students targeted training,which made students real benefit,and ensure laboratory medicine students’labo-ratory safety.

Effect of Rhodioloside on PI3-K/AKT signaling pathway on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the mechanism of protective effect of Rhodioloside in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats and its relevance to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases ( PI3-K)/protein serine-threonine kinases ( AKT) signaling pathway .Methods Forty eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operation group , ischemia-reperfusion group , and Rhodiolo-side treatment groups (5 and 10 mg/kg).The model of right middle cerebral artery occlusion was established with thread ligation meth -od.The score of the neurological deficit was estimated 2 h followed by 24 h reperfusion.Histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The infarct volume was measured with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Apoptotic cells were assessed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method.The expressions of PI3-K and p-AKT were evaluated with immunohistochemistry .Results The score of the neurological deficit was decreased more ob-viously, the number of apoptotic were decreased more significantly , the expressions of PI3-K and p-AKT were increased more signifi-cantly in the Rhodioloside treatment groups (5 and 10 mg/kg) than in the ischemia-reperfusion group ( P <0.05).The score of the neurological deficit was decreased , the number of apoptotic was decreased , and the expressions of PI 3-K and p-AKT were increased in the Rhodioloside treatment group (10 mg/kg) than the Rhodioloside treatment group (5 mg/kg) ( P <0.05).Conclusions The protective mechanism of Rhodioloside therapy against cerebral ischemia r-eperfusion injury might be associated with activating the PI 3-K/AKT signaling pathway and then inhibiting neuronal apoptosis .